![]() Thus, our results support the hypothesis that these muscle synergies reflect a neural control strategy, with only a few timing adjustments in their activation regarding the mechanical constraints. Synergy coefficients may convey information by means other than just reporting the most likely task given the muscle synergy activation pattern: for example, they can provide the information that some tasks are utterly unlikely based on the synergy activations (Quian Quiroga and Panzeri, 2009). This high similarity in the composition of the three extracted synergies was accompanied by slight adaptations in their activation coefficients in response to extreme changes in torque and posture. In addition, there was a robust consistency in the muscle synergy vectors. Whatever the mechanical constraints, three muscle synergies accounted for the majority of variability in the EMG signals of 11 lower limb muscles. Muscle synergies matrix and synergy activation coefficient under different module amounts during wrist flexion (WF) movement. Then, to cross-validate the results, muscle synergies were extracted from the entire data pooled across all conditions, and muscle synergy vectors extracted from the submaximal exercise were used to reconstruct EMG patterns of the five all-out sprints. First, muscle synergies were extracted from each pedaling exercise independently using non-negative matrix factorization. In addition, we applied the same technique to decode kinematics from synergies where the EEG signals were replaced by the synergies activation coefficients. The effects of torque, maximal torque-velocity combination, and posture were studied. Eleven cyclists were tested during a submaximal pedaling exercise and five all-out sprints. We hypothesized that muscle synergy vectors would remain fixed but that synergy activation coefficients could vary, resulting in observed variations in individual electromyographic (EMG) patterns. The decomposition algorithm used to identify muscle synergies was based on two components: "muscle synergy vectors," which represent the relative weighting of each muscle within each synergy, and "synergy activation coefficients," which represent the relative contribution of muscle synergy to the overall muscle activity pattern. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether muscle synergies are constrained by changes in the mechanics of pedaling.
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